HN1400+-+Occupational+Health+and+Safety

=**HN1400 - Occupational Health and Safety**=
 * ** Winter 2016 ** ||
 * OHS**


 * Welcome to Occupatioal Health and Safety:** This is an introductory course in the fundamental principles and practices of occupational health and safety (OH&S). A solid understanding of OH&S issues, legislation and programs is essential to create an effective OH&S program. The learner will explore development of OH&S; costs of accidents, injuries and workplace illnesses; legislation and regulation; hazards and agents; hazard recognition and assessment; workplace compensation; accident investigation; and OH&S program management. Learners will have the opportunity to apply various OH&S practices and techniques using case studies and simulations and to obtain WHMIS certification.

**Topics Covered**: 1.0 Introduction and Development of Occupational Health and Safety 2.0 Costs of Accidents, Injuries and Workplace Illnesses 3.0 Legislation and Regulation 4.0 Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) 5.0 Hazards and Agents 6.0 Hazard Recognition and Assessment 7.0 Workplace Compensation (Workplace Health, Safety and Compensation Commission) 8.0 Accident Investigation 9.0 Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) Program Management 10.0 Emerging Issues / Topics

Kelloway, K.E. and Francis, L. (2010). Management of Occupational Health and Safety (4th or 5th ed.). Toronto: Nelson Canada. ISBN-10: 017650248; ISBN-13: 9780176502485
 * Resources:**


 * How you will be evaluated:**


 * **Evaluation Item** || **Weight** || **Grade Achieved** || **Detail (Complete details of each project/test will be discussed/distributed in class)** ||
 * Case/Question Preparation 1 || 5 ||  || =Assignment 1 – of 3 @ 5% =

For a three (3) week period review daily online/printed/electronic news for articles pertaining to OHS. Report at least 5 articles.  Answer the following: * Write a brief summary of the issues in each article Due February 6 ||  Under Canadian legislation it is the responsibility of employers to ensure workers have a safe environment. But what about first responders such as the police. Recent events in Canada have shown that such a policy may not easily work in practice where the work is inherently risky.So, if the work is risky should there be some form of compensation for that risk? First responders are arguing they should receive full salary compensation: Read []Answer the following: A. You are the government: Write a compelling argument against 100% compensation B. You are the union: Write a compelling argument against 100% compensation Due February 27 || On 12 March 2009 a Cougar Helicopters' Sikorsky S-92A  on a flight to the Hibernia oil production platform had a total loss of oil in the transmission's main gear box. The flight crew descended to 800 feet and headed towards St. John's. Approximately 35 nautical miles from St. John's, during an attempted ditching, the helicopter struck the water in a high rate of descent. One passenger survived with serious injuries and the other seventeen occupants of the helicopter died of drowning. A. Based on your review of the TSB report into the accident, discuss the possible: that lead to the crash of Cougar 491?
 * Are the media stakeholders in Safety?
 * What roles does the media play?
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">What OHS issues seem to be garnering the most attention?
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Include the article
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Case/Question Preparation 2 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">5 ||  || =<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Assignment 2 – of 3 @ 5% =
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Case/Question Preparation 3 || 5 ||  || <span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.4em; line-height: 1.1;">**Assignment 3 – of 3 @ 5%**
 * 1) Ergonomic factors
 * 2) Human factors
 * 3) Situational factors
 * 4) Environmental factors

See: [|Canadian Transportation Safety Board Aviation Investigation Report A09A0016: Cougar 491] <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Due: March 20 ||
 * Test 1 @ 15% - Ch 1-3 || 15 ||  ||   ||
 * Test 2 @ 15% - Ch 4-7 || 15 ||  ||   ||
 * Research Paper/Presentation || 20 ||  ||   ||
 * WHMIS Certification || 5 ||
 * Final Exam || 30 ||
 * || 40 ||


 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Chapter 1 - Introduction and Rationale to Management of OHS **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Chapter 1 Notes - [|Click Here]
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Workplace Injusry Statistics for NL - WorkSafeNl [|Click Here]
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[|Young Workers and OHS]
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[|Canadian Centre for OHS]
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[|The Safety Calculator]

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">HN1400 Occupational Health and Safety <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Quiz 1 – Chapters 1-3 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Paul Tilley
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Books/Resources
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[|Dying Hard Industrial Carnage in St. Lawrence, Newfoundland -][|Elliott Leyton]
 * [|Loss of the Ocean Ranger - Report blames Training and Equipment](CBC Archives)
 * [|Dire Straits - Industrial Disease]
 * Westray - https://www.nfb.ca/film/westray
 * * || [[file:Chapter 1 - Introduction.docx]] ||
 * **Chapter 2 - Legislative Framework**
 * Chapter 2 Notes -[[file:Chapter 2 - legislative Framework Review.docx]]
 * Occupational Health and Safety Legislation - Federal - Provincial
 * Workplace Hazardous materials Information System -
 * WHMIS
 * Workplace BC video on WHMIS - [|Making WHMIS Work]
 * || [[file:Chapter 2 - legislative Framework Review.docx]] ||
 * **Chapter 3 - Workers Compensation**
 * Chapter 3 Notes - Click Here
 * NL Workplace Health and Safety Commission
 * Workplace OHS Committees in NL
 * Association of Canadian Workers Compensation Boards
 * Human Resources Canada - Workers Compensation || [[file:Chapter 3 - Workers Compensation.docx]] ||
 * **//Test 1 - Chapters 1-3//**
 * **//Test 1 - Chapters 1-3//**

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The exam will consist of two parts: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Key Study Points:
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Part 1 - 20 Fill-in type questions @ 20% (with attached word list)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Part 2 – 30 Multiple Choice @ 30%
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Part 3 - 4 Short Answer question @ 12.5% each taken from the following pool of questions:
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">History of OHS in Canada
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Major goal(s) of OHS in Canada
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Key Stakeholders in OHS
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Role of Human resource Professionals in OHS
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The Three E’s of OHS
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Key Elements of OHS systems
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Duties and responsibilities of major players in OHS
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">WHMIS – purpose, Labels, MSDS, Training
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Goals and methods of Workers Compensation Boards
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Social goals of workers compensation
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Assessment/determination of premium rates for works compensation ||  ||
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Identifying & Managing Hazards and Agents **

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Chapter 4 - Physical Agents** - in this chapter we will look at the work related problems associated with Noise, Vibration, Thermal Stress and Radiation <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Notes: Chapter 4 - Physical Agents

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Physical Agents are sources of energy that can cause injury. They may exist in the workplace as a matter of course (Ambient) or they may exists intermittently and cause injury from a single exposure (Acute)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**1) Noise** - Any unwanted sound
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The human ear can only hear a certain range of sounds. Sounds may fall below a threshold of hearing and not be heard or above a frequency that cannot be heard.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">There are three types of effects that come from exposure to noise:
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Physiological - through conductive and senatorial hearing loss;
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sociological: Affects the body, nervous system, digestive system;
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Psychological - affects us psychologically
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Governments have implements noise exposure standards
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Noise can be controlled in three ways:
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1) Reduce the noise at the source
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">2) Move the worker away from the source
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">3) use noise protection PPE

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**2) Vibration** - An oscillating motion of a particle or a body moving about a reference position.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Vibrations are a health hazard for three reasons: It can cause whole body vibration, segmental vibration and it can cause noise.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Vibration can be either low or high frequency
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Health effects of vibration: affects muscles, affects vision, alters brain electrical activity

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**3) Thermal Stress** - body gets too hot or too cold <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">In this chapter we will look at the problems associated with chemical and biological substances that are often found in the workplace.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Three methods of heat transfer:
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Conduction - two surfaces are in contact,
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Convection - one surface adds heat to surroundings and
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Radiation - energy transferred through electromagnetic energy.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ionizing radiation - any form of radiation that produces ions (nuclear energy - can have serious effects on the body)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Non-ionizing radiation - any form of radiation that is lower power (isolation, and PPE can protect) || [[file:Chapter 4 - Hazards and Agents - Physical Agents.docx]] ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Chapter 5** - Chemicals and Biologics
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Chemical agents are hazards that are created by the one or any combination of a chemicals and their reactions
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Biological agents are hazards are biological (living - mold, fungus etc.)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">80% of all Occupational illnesses are caused by chemicals
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The level of hazard is measured by its Toxicity
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">There are 4 routes of entry into the body
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Respirations (nose)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Skin
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ingestion (mouth)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Penetration (cut) || [[file:Chapter 5 - Chemical and Biological Agents.docx]] ||
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Chapter 6 Psychosocial Hazards **

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Psychosocial hazards are hazards that result from stress or stress related activity on the job. Workplace stress is recognized as a major problem in today’s workplace and it has a definite cost to business in the form of lost productivity and lost time issues.


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Stressors **

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">There are several classifications of the types of events that bring on stress in the workplace. These events are known as stressors.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Acute Stressors - these stressors have a specific start time, are high intensity, are typically short in duration and are relatively rare. e.g.: a fire in the workplace, a job interview, a performance review.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Chronic Stressors - no specific start date, no certain end, may be short or long in duration, repeats frequently. e.g.: Fear of job loss
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Daily Stressors - These have specific onsets, short in duration, low in intensity. e.g.: jammed photocopier
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Catastrophic Stressors - a disaster with direct threat of loss of life. These are very rare but have a specific onset and are intense. e.g.: terrorist attack, earthquake

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Stressors in the Workplace
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Workload
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Work pace
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Role conflict
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Career concerns
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Interpersonal relationships
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Job Content and control over that content


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Stress **

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">General Adaptation Syndrome: Individuals respond to stress differently. Stress is natural as it is the body's way of protecting itself from danger.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">There are three stages to stress response: **ALARM-->RESISTANCE-->EXAUSTION**


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Stress Moderators **

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The individual's Personality - Type A Behaviours & Negative Affectivity are problematic <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The Social Context - Does the person have a social support system?

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Strain comes as a result of prolonged stress
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Strain **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Psychological Strain
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Physical Strain
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Behavioural Strain
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Organizational Strain

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Managing Stress and Strain in the workplace <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Primary Interventions: Reduce or remove stressors <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Secondary Interventions: Minimize negative outcomes - stress management programs <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Tertiary Interventions: Therapy after the fact

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Emerging Stressors
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Workplace Violence
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sexual Harassment
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Injustice at work
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Technology || [[file:CHAPTER 6 – Psycosocial Hazards.docx]] ||
 * **Chapter 7 Hazard Recognition and Assessment**
 * Terminology**
 * 1) Hazard
 * 2) Event
 * 3) Incident
 * 4) Accident
 * 5) Injury (direct, Indirect, Acute Trama, Cronic Trama)
 * 6) Repetititive strain injury
 * Types of injuries**
 * 1) Overt/tramatic injuries
 * 2) Over Exertion Injuries
 * 3) Repetitive Strain Injury
 * 4) Awkward work positions


 * Hazard Identification**
 * 1) Ergonomic factors
 * 2) Human factors
 * 3) Situational factors
 * 4) Environmental factors

Developing a Hazard Identification Program What prompts the request? What is the nature of the hazard What is the cost of the hazard
 * Components of Hazard Identfication**
 * Walk through survey**
 * Safety sampling**
 * Analysis of Plant, Task and Jobs**
 * 1) Geographical information
 * 2) Task and Job identy
 * 3) Task analysis
 * 4) Reports and audits
 * 5) Hazard analysis
 * 6) Risk Assessment = Probability of event x consequences of event x amount of exposure
 * 7) Follow up || [[file:Chapter 7 - Hazard Recognition and Assessment.docx]]

Download: https://www2.worksafebc.com/PDFs/manufacturing/ergonomics/ergo_awkward_postures.pdf

Rationale for Hazard Assessment https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8-rYiVrm7g

Hazard, Risk & Safety - Understanding Risk Assessment, Management and Perception http://youtu.be/PZmNZi8bon8 ||
 * **OHS Chapt****er 8 – Hazard Control**


 * Terms**


 * Hazard Control refers to the program or processes used to establish preventative and corrective measures as the final stage of hazard recognition, assessment and control (RAC).
 * Goal: eliminate, reduce and control hazards.
 * Occurs at three levels: Pre-contact – Contact – Post-contact


 * Engineering Control – First level Control**


 * Tool Design
 * Substitution
 * Workspace design – layout, displays, seating, lighting,
 * Process modification
 * Isolation/segregation
 * Purchasing
 * Machine Guarding


 * Administrative Controls – Second Level Control**


 * This control manages the management involvement, training of employees, rotation of employees, environmental sampling and medical surveillance to protect individuals.
 * Safety Awareness – visible reminders, special events
 * Awards and Incentives
 * Housekeeping
 * Preventative Maintenance – PM, Work Permits, Lockout procedures, Confined space,


 * Contact Control – Third Level Control**


 * Contact control – suppressions, barriers, modifications, substitution, isolation
 * Post-contact control – emergency response, lockout, authorized people only, disposition, Joint HS committee, accident reporting, communicate, Source-path-human
 * Record Keeping || Workplace BC - Accident Review https://youtu.be/YSxeWbT8UrQ ||
 * **Chapter 10 - Safety Interventions**

Safety Behaviour:
 * Interventions are categorized into:Engineering interventions; Administrative interventions & Behavioral interventions
 * Prefered: Engineering - eliminate

Behaviours that contribute to safe work:
 * Proper use of Hazard control
 * Development of safe work habits
 * Increased awareness & recognition of safe work habits
 * PPE use
 * Maintenance
 * Hygiene
 * Proper emergency response
 * Self monitoring

In order to work safely workers must have: Safety can be enhanced by increasing the employee's ability, motivation and opportunity to work safely How do we Motivate Safety?
 * KSAs
 * Motivation
 * Opportunity
 * Safety Performance = Ability * Motivation * Opportunity**

Reinforcement Theory - external rewards and punishment Goal Stting Theory - internal intentions ||  ||
 * **Chapter 11/12 - Emergency Response/Accident**


 * Investigation**
 * Define Emergency
 * Emergency Preparedness Protocols
 * Emergency Planing

Emergency planning requires anticipating emergencies, preparing for emergencies, putting plans into action as needed, returning to normal, and learning from the experience.

1) Precontact 2) Contact 3) Post Contact
 * Emergency plans need three components: **

1) Signal Detection 2) Preparation 3) Damage Containment 4) Short and long terms plans to return to normalcy 5) Learning
 * Five stages of Crisis Management: **

Investigating accidents is important in hazard recognition, assessment and control. Accident investigations:
 * Accident Investigation**
 * 1) Determine direct causes
 * 2) indentifies contibuting causes
 * 3) Seeks to prevent similar accidents
 * 4) Creates a permament record
 * 5) Determines cost (not just monetary costs)
 * 6) Promotes safety

**Steps in Accident Investigation**
 * Critical Factors - Timing, Severity, & Legal
 * Three things to Consider:
 * Human Factors-
 * Situational Factors
 * Environmental Factors


 * Investigative Models **
 * 1) Observation & Walk-troughs
 * 2) Interviews
 * 3) Re enactments


 * Investigative Tools **
 * Photos
 * Drawings
 * Computers
 * Records

Accident Analysis
 * 1) Domino Theory
 * 2) The Swiss Cheese Model
 * 3) Normal Accidents
 * 4) Cognitive Failures

media type="slideshare" key="3434160" height="355" width="425" ||

https://youtu.be/lTRAQAzey4w
 * Case: [|MayDay - The Gimly Glider] **

media type="youtube" key="lTRAQAzey4w" width="560" height="315" ||

= =


 * Final Exam Preview **
 * The Final exam is worth 30% of your Final Grade **
 * HN1400 – Occupational Health and Safety **
 * ATTENTION: Students must do the WHMIS TRAINING MODULE prior to the end of exams. **
 * Coverage: ** Chapters 8-12
 * Format: This test will consist of two parts: **
 * Part 1 - 50 Multiple Choice questions @ 50%
 * Part 2 – 5 of 6 Short Answer question @ 10% each


 * 1) Define Hazard Control
 * 2) Describe the three stages in the hazard control process.
 * 3) Define and discuss the various pre-contact administrative controls used in the hazard control process
 * 4) Define and discuss the various pre-contact engineering controls used in the hazard control process
 * 5) Discuss the five basic categories of steps taken to manage contact control in the workplace.
 * 6) Discuss the basic steps taken in the aftermath of an event in the workplace.
 * 7) Safety behaviour is important in the workplace. Describe the three factors (conditions) necessary for individuals to work safely. How do these condition work together to affect safety performance?
 * 8) Describe the general categories of behaviors that contribute to safe working performance. Share an example of a training program that targets one of the behaviors.
 * 9) Define accident investigation and describe the aim and benefits of accident investigations.
 * 10) Incorporating what you have learned into your answer, discuss are the basic characteristics of a successful OHS Program


 * 1) What are the three key elements of an Emergency preparedness plan? Name and discuss each element.